I think if you use Google Maps (or allow google apps location access more generally) it is probably extremely difficult to not de-anonymize yourself (not that Google necessarily cares about your real name, that is just one potential identifier of many).
Consider that we typically consistently carry our phones with us most of the time. Consider that you most of us follow very predictable patterns, if enough data points are available (and your phone constantly announces itself in various ways).
Maybe you make sure not to provide any real info when signing up for a google account. But if Google is granted the location permission, simply inferring the location of your home based on the location where you phone sits stationary for ~6-8hrs every night and your place of work (if you work a typical 9-5) from the place your phone is most consistently located between 8-5. Name and phone number and other details would probably be exposed either from your own usage of your phone, or from your friends and families contacts lists.
The things that make a smartphone really useful to us as users also unfortunately make it a really really good tracking device as well.
A good way to get some indication of some of the tracking that is theoretically possible in the real world is to look at the regular features and security features Google and Apple introduce, and then consider how those underlying methods could be used for tracking (and if we would have a way to know if they were being used this way or not).